Mingjun Ying

Mingjun Ying

Ph.D. Candidate, NYU WIRELESS, New York University

I am a Ph.D. candidate in Electrical and Computer Engineering at NYU WIRELESS, advised by Prof. Theodore S. Rappaport. My research builds site-specific wireless digital twins: material-aware 3D reconstruction, calibrated ray tracing (NYURay), and upper mid-band channel measurement and modeling for 6G.

Research interests: wireless ray tracing, 3D reconstruction and digital twins, mid-band channel measurement and modeling, AI for wireless, RIS, and energy efficiency (Waste Factor).

I am seeking full-time industry, postdoctoral, and internship positions starting in 2027.

Email: yingmingjun [AT] nyu [DOT] edu
CV/Google Scholar/GitHub/LinkedIn

News

Education

Industry Experience

Research

Wireless Digital Twins & Ray Tracing

HoRAMA: Material-Aware 3D Reconstruction for Wireless Ray Tracing

Sept. 2024 – Present · with Prof. Rappaport and Prof. David Fouhey
  • Automated framework that turns RGB video into ray-tracing-ready 3D models with electromagnetic material labels, cutting reconstruction time from months to hours.
  • MASt3R-SLAM point clouds, PTv3 semantic segmentation, and Qwen3-VL material labeling.
  • Validated at 6.75 and 16.95 GHz over 12 TX-RX links in a 700 m² factory with NYURay; RMSE comparable to a hand-built model.
Video: HoRAMA 3D wireless digital twins
HoRAMA pipeline
(a) Raw point cloud
(b) Cleaned point cloud
(c) PTv3 segmentation
(d) RT-ready 3D model
[Paper (ICC 2026)] [Poster]

NYURay: Calibrated Ray Tracer for Site-Specific Channel Prediction

Sept. 2024 – Present · with Prof. Rappaport
  • Python ray tracer with reflection, diffraction, penetration, and scattering for upper mid-band channel prediction.
  • GPU acceleration (100× speedup): 106 rays in 3–5 s per TX-RX pair; 3D tools for TX-RX placement and antenna patterns.
  • Site-specific location calibration by power-delay-profile alignment, and SPARC, a sparse path-aware residual calibrator that corrects per-path power errors from a small set of measurements.
NYURay propagation paths
SPARC: calibrated PDP vs. measurement
SPARC: RMSE vs. baselines
[npj Wireless Technology 2026] [SPARC (GLOBECOM 2026)] [Location optimization (GLOBECOM 2025)]

RIS-Assisted Outdoor-to-Indoor Coverage at Upper Mid-Band

Apr. 2026 – Present · with Prof. Rappaport
  • Joint optimization of BS precoding, RIS phase shifts, and RIS deployment position to maximize the worst-user rate in a multi-user MISO outdoor-to-indoor downlink.
  • GPU-parallel solver (PRIMO) evaluated with dual-band ray tracing of the NYU MetroTech campus at FR1(C) and FR3.
System model
Ray-traced MetroTech scenario
Indoor rate map without / with RIS
[Paper (Asilomar 2026)] [Poster]

Channel Measurement & Modeling

FR1(C) and FR3 Mid-Band Propagation Measurements at 3.7, 6.75, and 16.95 GHz

Nov. 2023 – Present · with Prof. Rappaport
  • Measurement campaigns at 6.75 and 16.95 GHz in urban microcell (UMi), indoor hotspot (InH), and indoor factory (InF) environments, including penetration loss and XPD.
  • 3.7 GHz FR1(C) campaigns in UMi, InH, and InF with a 1 GHz sliding-correlator channel sounder (ICC 2027, in submission).
  • Statistical channel models and a machine-readable point-data format for sharing measurements across institutions.
Video: 3.7 GHz FR1(C) measurement campaign
Video: 6.75 and 16.95 GHz FR3 measurements
3.7 GHz sliding-correlator sounder
UMi LOS/NLOS measurements
Indoor factory (InF) campaign
Long-range UMi routes up to 1 km
[UMi] [InH] [InF] [Point-Data] [Penetration]

Energy Efficiency & Information Theory

Waste Factor: A New Metric for Power Efficiency in Any Cascade

Jan. 2023 – Present · with Prof. Rappaport · GLOBECOM 2023 Best Paper Award
  • Waste Factor quantifies wasted power in any cascaded system: \(W = W_N + \frac{W_{N-1} - 1}{G_N} + \cdots + \frac{W_1 - 1}{\prod_{i=2}^N G_i}\).
  • Extended to MIMO, radio access networks, and data centers (PUE) to guide energy-efficient network design.
Cascaded system model
TX/RX power-consuming components
Waste Factor for MIMO
Data rate vs. Waste Factor trade-off
[GLOBECOM 2023] [OJ-COMS 2024] [MISO/MIMO (GLOBECOM 2024)]

Capacity of a Binary Channel with a Time-Bounded Adversary

Feb. 2024 – Present · with Prof. Sundeep Rangan and Prof. Elza Erkip
  • Derived worst-case adversarial capacity for binary channels with a time-bounded adversary.
  • Achieved it with a random interleaver and thresholded LLR decoder, compatible with 5G NR LDPC decoders.
Interleaved coding with LLR clipping
Capacity vs. flip probability
BER with LDPC codes
[Paper (Asilomar 2024)] [Code]
Earlier research at CQUPT (2021 – 2023)

Resource Allocation for Wireless-Powered Backscatter Networks (Undergraduate Thesis, Sept. 2022 – Jun. 2023)

Advisor: Prof. Yongjun Xu
  • Energy-efficient wireless-powered backscatter network with OFDMA and robust optimization under imperfect CSI.
  • Dinkelbach method and variable substitution to obtain a convex problem, solved by the Lagrange dual method.

RIS-Assisted Wireless Powered Communication Networks (Apr. 2021 – Apr. 2022)

Advisor: Prof. Yongjun Xu
  • Joint radio resource and passive beamforming optimization for a downlink RIS-assisted WPCN with harvest-then-transmit to improve energy efficiency.
RIS-assisted WPCN (NLoS)
RIS-assisted WPCN (LoS)

Publications & Patents

Show: · · · ·

Journal Articles

  • [J1]M. Ying, D. Shakya, P. Ma, G. Qian, and T. S. Rappaport, "Site-Specific Location Calibration and Validation of Ray-Tracing Simulator NYURay at Upper Mid-Band Frequencies," npj Wireless Technology, vol. 2, no. 1, art. no. 8, Mar. 2026. [PDF] [BibTeX]
  • [J2]A. Bazzi, M. Ying, O. Kanhere, T. S. Rappaport, and M. Chafii, "ISAC Imaging by Channel State Information Using Ray Tracing for Next Generation 6G," IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Electromagnetics, Antennas and Propagation, vol. 1, pp. 135–149, Sep. 2025. [PDF] [BibTeX]
  • [J3]D. Shakya, M. Ying, T. S. Rappaport, H. Poddar, P. Ma, Y. Wang, and I. Al-Wazani, "Comprehensive FR1(C) and FR3 Lower and Upper Mid-Band Propagation and Material Penetration Loss Measurements and Channel Models in Indoor Environment for 5G and 6G," IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, vol. 5, pp. 5192–5218, Jul. 2024. [PDF] [BibTeX]
  • [J4]T. S. Rappaport, M. Ying, N. Piovesan, A. De Domenico, and D. Shakya, "Waste Factor and Waste Figure: A Unified Theory for Modeling and Analyzing Wasted Power in Radio Access Networks for Improved Sustainability," IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, vol. 5, pp. 4839–4867, Jul. 2024. [PDF] [BibTeX]
  • [J5]T. S. Rappaport, M. Ying, and D. Shakya, "Waste Figure and Waste Factor: New Metrics for Evaluating Power Efficiency in Any Circuit or Cascade," Microwave Journal, vol. 67, no. 5, pp. 54–56, May 2024. [PDF] [BibTeX]
  • [J6]Y. Wang, Y. Lian, M. Ying, and S. Wang, "Attention Multilayer Perceptron Fusion Network," IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 83580–83588, Aug. 2023. [PDF] [BibTeX]

Conference Papers

  • [C1]M. Ying, G. Qian, X. Wang, X. Liu, I. S. Gupte, P. Ma, D. Shakya, and T. S. Rappaport, "SPARC: Sparse Path-Aware Residual Calibrator for Wireless Ray Tracing at Upper Mid-Band," IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Macau, China, Dec. 2026 (to appear). [PDF] [BibTeX]
  • [C2]X. Liu, M. Ying, X. Wang, D. Shakya, and T. S. Rappaport, "Uncertainty-Aware Localization Using Directional Multipath Components in Indoor Channels," IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Macau, China, Dec. 2026 (to appear). [BibTeX]
  • [C3]M. Ying, G. Qian, X. Wang, X. Liu, I. S. Gupte, D. Shakya, and T. S. Rappaport, "Joint Beamforming and RIS Deployment Optimization for Outdoor-to-Indoor Coverage at Upper Mid-Band: A Dual-Band Ray-Tracing Study," 60th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers, Pacific Grove, CA, USA, Oct. 2026 (to appear). [PDF] [Poster] [BibTeX]
  • [C4]M. Ying, G. Qian, X. Wang, P. Ma, D. Shakya, and T. S. Rappaport, "HoRAMA: Holistic Reconstruction with Automated Material Assignment for Ray Tracing using NYURay," IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Glasgow, UK, May 2026, pp. 1–7. [PDF] [Poster] [BibTeX]
  • [C5]S. Jia, M. Ying, M. Mezzavilla, T. S. Rappaport, and S. Rangan, "Distributed Uplink Anti-Jamming in LEO Mega-Constellations via Game-Theoretic Beamforming," IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Glasgow, UK, May 2026, pp. 1–6. [PDF] [BibTeX]
  • [C6]I. Jariwala, X. Wang, B. Meier, G. Qian, D. Shakya, M. Ying, H. Nikbakht, D. Abraham, and T. S. Rappaport, "NYUSIM: A Roadmap to AI-Enabled Statistical Channel Modeling and Simulation," IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Glasgow, UK, May 2026, pp. 1–6. [PDF] [BibTeX]
  • [C7]X. Wang, M. Ying, H. Chen, G. Qian, X. Liu, P. Ma, D. Shakya, C. Argyropoulos, and T. S. Rappaport, "Robust Hybrid Beamforming with Liquid Crystal Antennas and Liquid Neural Networks," IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Spring), Nice, France, Jun. 2026, pp. 1–6. [PDF] [BibTeX]
  • [C8]M. Ying, P. Ma, D. Shakya, and T. S. Rappaport, "Multi-Stage Location Optimization Through Power Delay Profile Alignment Using Site-Specific Wireless Ray Tracing," IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Taipei, Taiwan, Dec. 2025, pp. 5169–5174. [PDF] [BibTeX]
  • [C9]S. Jia, M. Ying, M. Mezzavilla, D. Calin, T. S. Rappaport, and S. Rangan, "Joint Detection, Channel Estimation and Interference Nulling for Terrestrial-Satellite Downlink Co-Existence in the Upper Mid-Band," IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Taipei, Taiwan, Dec. 2025, pp. 2771–2776. [PDF] [BibTeX]
  • [C10]M. Ying, D. Shakya, T. S. Rappaport, P. Ma, Y. Wang, I. Al-Wazani, Y. Wu, and H. Poddar, "Upper Mid-Band Channel Measurements and Characterization at 6.75 GHz FR1(C) and 16.95 GHz FR3 in an Indoor Factory Scenario," IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Montreal, Canada, Jun. 2025, pp. 3303-3308. [PDF] [BibTeX]
  • [C11]D. Shakya, M. Ying, T. S. Rappaport, P. Ma, I. Al-Wazani, Y. Wu, Y. Wang, D. Calin, H. Poddar, A. Bazzi, M. Chafii, Y. Xing, and A. Ghosh, "Urban Outdoor Propagation Measurements and Channel Models at 6.75 GHz FR1(C) and 16.95 GHz FR3 Upper Mid-band Spectrum for 5G and 6G," IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Montreal, Canada, Jun. 2025, pp. 3291-3296. [PDF] [BibTeX]
  • [C12]T. S. Rappaport, D. Shakya, and M. Ying, "Point Data for Site-Specific Mid-band Radio Propagation Channel Statistics in the Indoor Hotspot (InH) Environment for 3GPP and Next Generation Alliance (NGA) Channel Modeling," IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Montreal, Canada, Jun. 2025, pp. 3285-3290. [PDF] [BibTeX]
  • [C13]D. Shakya, M. Ying, and T. S. Rappaport, "Angular Spread Statistics for 6.75 GHz FR1(C) and 16.95 GHz FR3 Mid-Band Frequencies in an Indoor Hotspot Environment," IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), Milan, Italy, Mar. 2025, pp. 1–6. [PDF] [BibTeX]
  • [C14]D. Shakya, N. A. Abbasi, M. Ying, I. Jariwala, J. J. Qin, I. S. Gupte, B. Meier, G. Qian, D. Abraham, T. S. Rappaport, and A. F. Molisch, "Standardized Machine-Readable Point-Data Format for Consolidating Wireless Propagation Across Environments, Frequencies, and Institutions," IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM), Los Angeles, CA, USA, Oct. 2025, pp. 232–237. [PDF] [BibTeX]
  • [C15]M. Ying, F. B. Sarpkaya, S. Bakirtas, E. Erkip, T. S. Rappaport, and S. Rangan, "Capacity of a Binary Channel with a Time-Bounded Adversary," 58th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers, Pacific Grove, CA, USA, Oct. 2024, pp. 801–805. [PDF] [BibTeX]
  • [C16]M. Ying, D. Shakya, and T. S. Rappaport, "Using Waste Factor to Optimize Energy Efficiency in Multiple-Input Single-Output (MISO) and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Systems," IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Cape Town, South Africa, Dec. 2024, pp. 3170–3175. [PDF] [BibTeX]
  • [C17]D. Shakya, M. Ying, T. S. Rappaport, H. Poddar, P. Ma, Y. Wang, and I. Al-Wazani, "Propagation Measurements and Channel Models in Indoor Environment at 6.75 GHz FR1(C) and 16.95 GHz FR3 Upper-Mid Band Spectrum for 5G and 6G," IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Cape Town, South Africa, Dec. 2024, pp. 998–1003. [PDF] [BibTeX]
  • [C18]D. Shakya, T. S. Rappaport, E. Shieh, M. E. Knox, H. Rahmani, D. Shahrjerdi, M. Ying, K. Fan, M. Lu, A. Rumiantsev, V. Mallette, G. Fisher, G. De Chirico, P. Ghate, and S. McMahon, "Four-Port Probe Stations and SOLR Calibration Standard Design up to 125 GHz on 28 nm CMOS," Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC), Jeju, Korea, Dec. 2025, pp. 1–3. [PDF] [BibTeX]
  • [C19]D. Shakya, M. Ying, T. S. Rappaport, H. Poddar, P. Ma, Y. Wang, and I. Al-Wazani, "Wideband Penetration Loss through Building Materials and Partitions at 6.75 GHz in FR1(C) and 16.95 GHz in the FR3 Upper Mid-band Spectrum," IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Cape Town, South Africa, Dec. 2024, pp. 1665–1670. [PDF] [BibTeX]
  • [C20]M. Ying, D. Shakya, H. Poddar, and T. S. Rappaport, "Waste Factor: A New Metric for Evaluating Power Efficiency in Any Cascade," IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Dec. 2023, pp. 6735–6740. [PDF] [BibTeX] (Best Paper Award)
  • [C21]M. Ying and S. Wang, "Self-Optimizing Water-Filling Power Allocation: A Hybrid Fractional Frequency Reuse Way," 2022 13th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP), Porto, Portugal, Jul. 2022, pp. 208–213. [PDF] [BibTeX]
  • [C22]M. Ying and S. Wang, "Capacity Analysis and Hybrid Power Allocation for Multi-cell 5G Networks," 2022 11th International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems (ICCCAS), Singapore, Dec. 2022, pp. 192–197. [PDF] [BibTeX]
  • [C23]Y. Lian, M. Ying, S. Wang, and Y. Wang, "An Efficient Maximum Subcarrier Power Detection Scheme for OFDM-IM Systems," 2023 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC), Marrakesh, Morocco, Jun. 2023, pp. 258–263. [PDF] [BibTeX]
  • [C24]Y. Lian, M. Ying, S. Wang, and Y. Wang, "An Efficient Fast Walsh-Hadamard Transform Based OFDM-IM Scheme with Lower PAPR," 2023 Wireless Telecommunications Symposium (WTS), Boston, MA, USA, Apr. 2023, pp. 1–6. [PDF] [BibTeX]

Patents

  • [P1]Theodore S. Rappaport, Mingjun Ying, Xinquan Wang, and Dipankar Shakya. "Systems and Methods for Synthesizing a Computer Replica of a Three-Dimensional Environment for Use in Artificial Intelligence Applications." U.S. Patent Application No. 19/693,207, filed May 29, 2026.
  • [P2]Theodore S. Rappaport, Mingjun Ying, Marwa Chafii, and Ahmad Bazzi. "Integrated Sensing and Communication Imaging by Channel State Information." U.S. Patent Application No. 19/693,223, filed May 29, 2026.
  • [P3]Theodore S. Rappaport, Mingjun Ying, Dipankar Shakya, and Ojas Kanhere. "System and Method of Waste Factor Based Power Consumption Reducing Data Communication and Processing." U.S. Patent Application No. 19/882,101, filed Oct. 2, 2026.
  • [P4]Yongjun Xu, Mingjun Ying, and Qianbin Chen. "A Robust Energy Efficiency Optimization Method for RIS-Assisted WPCNs." Chinese Patent CN113613273A, Nov. 5, 2021. [Link]
  • [P5]Yongjun Xu, Mingjun Ying, and Jihua Zhou. "A Robust Resources Allocation Algorithm for RIS-Enhanced WPCNs." Chinese Patent CN113825159A, Dec. 21, 2021. [Link]

Honors and Awards

Professional Service

Technical Program Committee

  • TPC Member, IEEE ICC 2026
  • TPC Member, IEEE GLOBECOM 2025
  • TPC Reviewer, WCSP 2025

Conference Reviewer

  • IEEE GLOBECOM, IEEE ICC, WCSP

Journal Reviewer

  • Proceedings of the IEEE
  • IEEE TWC, TCOM, TAP, TVT
  • IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine; IEEE Communications Magazine
  • IEEE Communications Letters; IEEE WCL
  • IEEE OJ-COMS; China Communications